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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaynes-Cummings-Modell</span></h1>
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<p>Das <b>Jaynes-Cummings-Modell</b> (nach <a href="Edwin_Thompson_Jaynes" title="Edwin Thompson Jaynes">Edwin Thompson Jaynes</a> und <a href="Fred_Cummings" title="Fred Cummings">Fred Cummings</a>, auch <b><span lang="en">Dressed-Atom</span>-Modell</b> (dt. etwa: „Modell des ‚bekleideten‘ Atoms“)) beschreibt die Wechselwirkung eines Atoms mit einem monochromatischen, resonanten Lichtfeld (ohne Betrachtung einer Polarisation). Es ist ein rein quantenmechanischer Ansatz, um die Energiewerte und Zustände des Gesamtsystems Atom-Lichtfeld zu bestimmen und um physikalische Phänomene, die bei dieser Wechselwirkung auftreten, zu erklären. Das Jaynes-Cummings-Modell ist das einfachste nicht-triviale Modell, das die Wechselwirkung eines Atoms mit einem elektromagnetischen Feld beschreibt.
</p><p>Im Jaynes-Cummings-Modell werden Effekte verständlich, die im semiklassischen <a href="Rabi-Oszillation" title="Rabi-Oszillation">Rabi-Modell</a> nicht erklärbar sind. Hierzu gehören unter anderem die Veränderung des <a href="Land%C3%A9-Faktor" title="Landé-Faktor">Landé-Faktors</a> in einem Hochintensitäts- und Hochfrequenzradiofrequenzfeld sowie eine physikalische Anschauung für das Mollow-Triplett und die <a href="Dipolkraft" title="Dipolkraft">Dipolkraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autobio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im beschriebenen Modell werden sowohl das Atom als auch das Lichtfeld quantenmechanisch behandelt. Das Atom wird hierbei als <a href="Zweizustandssystem" title="Zweizustandssystem">Zweizustandssystem</a> betrachtet, während das Feld nach den Regeln der <a href="Quantenfeldtheorie#Feldquantisierung" title="Quantenfeldtheorie">Quantenfeldtheorie</a> quantisiert wird. Die Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Atom und Feld im <a href="Hamiltonoperator" title="Hamiltonoperator">Hamiltonoperator</a> führt dazu, dass die Zustände des Atoms und des Lichtfeldes als eine Einheit dargestellt werden müssen und nicht mehr unabhängig voneinander betrachtet werden können (daher der Name des „bekleideten“ Atoms).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detaillierte_Beschreibung">Detaillierte Beschreibung</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamilton-Operator_des_Atoms">Hamilton-Operator des Atoms</h3></div>
<p>Das Atom wird als Zwei-Niveau-System betrachtet und kann sich entweder im <a href="Grundzustand" title="Grundzustand">Grundzustand</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |g\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |g\rangle }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3453f56954453a2c243cdce6e6b246d9b6c578fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.667ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |g\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> mit Energie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26b9ec424bcc94d232be40bb53ebac3b8d5e9059.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.037ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=0}" loading="lazy"></span> oder im angeregten Zustand <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |e\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |e\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/485e88c0a857a3244c5e513c2e6fc663cb2ad1c6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.635ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |e\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> mit Energie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c2242c09b839a65efb92ebd2d490710b6424d409.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.681ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}" loading="lazy"></span> befinden. Dabei bezeichnet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/28ff30c9429138fc426c707bda833bc0e9229cff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.5ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}" loading="lazy"></span> die atomare Resonanzfrequenz.
Der Hamiltonoperator für das Atom allein ist damit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {a} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {a} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37426ffdf79eb2115852762d35b5ac2fb6124ecb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.573ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {a} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{+}=|e\rangle \langle g|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma ^{+}=|e\rangle \langle g|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/faf911190a0391bc0f51763c472f98a8eafb439f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.242ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{+}=|e\rangle \langle g|}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{-}=|g\rangle \langle e|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma ^{-}=|g\rangle \langle e|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eb2f861a8dd076824be0f5c4a54fadc06db5ce4e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.242ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{-}=|g\rangle \langle e|}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Erzeugungs-_und_Vernichtungsoperator" title="Erzeugungs- und Vernichtungsoperator">Auf- und Absteigeoperatoren</a> des Atoms sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamilton-Operator_des_Feldes">Hamilton-Operator des Feldes</h3></div>
<p>In analoger Weise beschreibt man das Feld innerhalb des Resonators (engl. <b>c</b>avity) mit den <a href="Erzeugungs-_und_Vernichtungsoperator#Bosonische_Kletteroperatoren" title="Erzeugungs- und Vernichtungsoperator">bosonischen Erzeugungs- und Vernichtungsoperatoren</a> für Photonen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>a</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9032811b31cdb9085d33dac83347e9d3d95f0be.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.128ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a^{\dagger }a}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>a</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a^{\dagger }a}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d06250884f6e6186768f8a6c11f1ea409d30a677.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.422ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a^{\dagger }a}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt auch Besetzungszahloperator. Somit sind die zugehörigen Energieeigenwerte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eea4b1a6cdc5234d3c799865b741246c5077e2a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.885ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {c} }=\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }n}" loading="lazy"></span> des Feldes abhängig von der Anzahl der Photonen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wechselwirkungs-Hamiltonian">Wechselwirkungs-Hamiltonian</h3></div>
<p>Schließlich beschreibt man die Wechselwirkung zwischen Feld und Atom in einem Wechselwirkungs-Hamiltonian (engl. <b>int</b>eraction), der nach Anwendung der <a href="Rotating_Wave_Approximation" title="Rotating Wave Approximation">Rotating Wave Approximation</a> nur noch zwei Terme enthält. Diese entsprechen dem Relaxieren des Atoms in den Grundzustand bei gleichzeitiger Erzeugung eines Photons und umgekehrt der Vernichtung eines Photons bei gleichzeitigem Aufsteigen des Atoms vom Grund- und den angeregten Zustand. Eine Konstante <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g>0,\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g>0,\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ccf4d6fe765d92d1b68245018a360d41c5091416.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.284ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g>0,\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> beschreibt die Stärke der Kopplung.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\text{int}}=\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>int</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
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</msup>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\text{int}}=\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e179ad02ed619a2b4d3b891becccc2dac43dea74.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.157ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\text{int}}=\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jaynes-Cummings_Hamiltonoperator">Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonoperator</h3></div>
<p>Der Hamilton-Operator des Gesamtsystems setzt sich aus den drei oben beschriebenen Termen zusammen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }=\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}} ^{H_{\mathrm {a} }}+\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a} ^{H_{\mathrm {c} }}+\overbrace {\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)} ^{H_{\mathrm {int} }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
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</msub>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
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</msup>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>⏞<!-- ⏞ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mover>
<mo>+</mo>
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⏞<!-- ⏞ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mover>
<mo>+</mo>
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⏞<!-- ⏞ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }=\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}} ^{H_{\mathrm {a} }}+\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a} ^{H_{\mathrm {c} }}+\overbrace {\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)} ^{H_{\mathrm {int} }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e36218a9fd257bb9f7e53b2e97a4e88b2bff0fa2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-right: -0.028ex; width:46.512ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }=\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }\sigma ^{+}\sigma ^{-}} ^{H_{\mathrm {a} }}+\overbrace {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {c} }a^{\dagger }a} ^{H_{\mathrm {c} }}+\overbrace {\hbar g\left(a^{\dagger }\sigma ^{-}+\sigma ^{+}a\right)} ^{H_{\mathrm {int} }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für zwei allgemeine <a href="Produktzustand" class="mw-redirect" title="Produktzustand">Produktzustände</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |g,n+1\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |g,n+1\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9faa587af24a132a26e7e57904413c1b27468642.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.099ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |g,n+1\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |e,n\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |e,n\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e082566e61dde1207f2ecf29f88cf954c951e8f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.064ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |e,n\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span>, die das Atom und die Anzahl der Photonen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> im Resonator beschreiben, lässt sich der Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian ausdrücken als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{c}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{c}+\omega _{a}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="1.2em 0.4em" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>c</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>n</mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>c</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{c}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{c}+\omega _{a}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c5a2a15998f3d66e0339bc9369ff69d4d80ffa7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:34.917ex; height:8.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{c}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{c}+\omega _{a}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Matrixelemente abseits der Diagonalen beschreiben die Kopplung zwischen Atom und Feld. Man beachte, dass ohne die oben durchgeführte Rotating-Wave-Approximation eine solch kompakte Darstellung nicht so möglich wäre. Dieser Hamiltonian ist diagonalisierbar mit den Energie-Eigenwerten
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }={\frac {1}{2}}\hbar \delta \left(\pm {\sqrt {{\frac {\Omega _{n}^{2}}{\delta ^{2}}}+1}}-1\right)+(n+1)\hbar \omega _{c}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>c</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }={\frac {1}{2}}\hbar \delta \left(\pm {\sqrt {{\frac {\Omega _{n}^{2}}{\delta ^{2}}}+1}}-1\right)+(n+1)\hbar \omega _{c}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc13d8aed6b02b3b2a6994a75f3009046e2fca20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:44.439ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }={\frac {1}{2}}\hbar \delta \left(\pm {\sqrt {{\frac {\Omega _{n}^{2}}{\delta ^{2}}}+1}}-1\right)+(n+1)\hbar \omega _{c}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>In dieser Gleichung beschreibt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/860cb343cedccb8c1e77d1ed594ca5e4c4c2aad6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.896ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}" loading="lazy"></span> die Verstimmung zwischen atomarer Resonanz und der Frequenz des Lichtfeldes und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}=2g{\sqrt {n+1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}=2g{\sqrt {n+1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cec0dd0758c68e9d487dff76fdff5217a9bf4a78.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.607ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}=2g{\sqrt {n+1}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die <i>n</i>-Photonen <a href="Rabi-Oszillation" title="Rabi-Oszillation">Rabi-Frequenz</a>, die im Gegensatz zum klassischen Modell auch für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26819344e55f5e671c76c07c18eb4291fcec85ae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=0}" loading="lazy"></span> Photonen nicht verschwindet (Vakuum-Rabi-Frequenz).
</p><p>Die zugehörigen (noch nicht normalisierten) Eigenvektoren sind
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |n,\pm \rangle ={\frac {\delta \pm {\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}{\Omega _{n}}}|g,n+1\rangle +1|e,n\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |n,\pm \rangle ={\frac {\delta \pm {\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}{\Omega _{n}}}|g,n+1\rangle +1|e,n\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2aa85629614a37dd6351698bdfbb9ea875ec61b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:41.946ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |n,\pm \rangle ={\frac {\delta \pm {\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}{\Omega _{n}}}|g,n+1\rangle +1|e,n\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>In der Original-Publikation<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> verschoben Jaynes und Cummings den Energie-Nullpunkt genau zwischen die atomaren Energieniveaus, so dass der Hamiltonoperator sich zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)'}=H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}-\mathbb {I} {\frac {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-{\frac {\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {\omega _{a}}{2}}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">I</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="1.2em 0.4em" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>n</mi>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)'}=H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}-\mathbb {I} {\frac {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-{\frac {\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {\omega _{a}}{2}}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37c0e3f1c28f3635d913c1ee30081297a5c26ed6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.805ex; margin-bottom: -0.2ex; width:57.283ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)'}=H_{\mathrm {JC} }^{(n)}-\mathbb {I} {\frac {\hbar \omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}=\hbar {\begin{pmatrix}(n+1)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }-{\frac {\omega _{\mathrm {a} }}{2}}&g{\sqrt {n+1}}\\[8pt]g{\sqrt {n+1}}&n\omega _{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {\omega _{a}}{2}}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ergibt.
In diesem Fall sind die Energieeigenwerte
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }=\hbar \left(n+{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }\pm {\frac {\hbar }{2}}{\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ<!-- ℏ --></mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }=\hbar \left(n+{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }\pm {\frac {\hbar }{2}}{\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c89003e5f879642bf0b0007505dc0f694ecccb3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:35.698ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{n}^{\pm }=\hbar \left(n+{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\omega _{\mathrm {c} }\pm {\frac {\hbar }{2}}{\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Eigenvektoren lassen sich noch durch einen Mischungswinkel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tan \left(2\vartheta \right)={\frac {\Omega _{n}}{\delta }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>tan</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ϑ<!-- ϑ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tan \left(2\vartheta \right)={\frac {\Omega _{n}}{\delta }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b68f7e40cf939e6661b1cfa02409b48e29dac043.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.536ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tan \left(2\vartheta \right)={\frac {\Omega _{n}}{\delta }}}" loading="lazy"></span> parametrisieren:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |n,-\rangle =\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle -\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>ϑ<!-- ϑ --></mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>ϑ<!-- ϑ --></mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |n,-\rangle =\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle -\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3b94ea8d275a6b90d7192e43bd9b6bcde9b6d9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:38.223ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |n,-\rangle =\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle -\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |n,+\rangle =\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle +\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>ϑ<!-- ϑ --></mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>ϑ<!-- ϑ --></mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |n,+\rangle =\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle +\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09de52b7a62f7126b6b93c64053a6c447a40669a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:38.223ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |n,+\rangle =\sin \left(\vartheta \right)|g,n+1\rangle +\cos \left(\vartheta \right)|e,n\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Durch Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung verschieben sich die Energieniveaus, dieser Effekt nennt sich dynamische <a href="Stark-Effekt" title="Stark-Effekt">Starkverschiebung</a>. Außerdem ändern sich die Eigenzustände des Atoms, die sich nun als eine Linearkombination des ursprünglichen Grund- und Anregungszustandes darstellen lassen. Diese gekoppelten Zustände bezeichnet man als <span lang="en"><i>dressed states</i></span> oder <i>bekleidete Zustände</i>. Dadurch, dass nun beide Eigenzustände eine Beimischung der ursprünglichen Zustände enthalten, ergibt sich ein neues Absorptions- und Emissionsverhalten, das zum Beispiel das Auftreten des Mollow-Tripletts erklärt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zusammenbruch_und_Wiederaufleben_der_Besetzung">Zusammenbruch und Wiederaufleben der Besetzung</h3></div>
<p>Unter der Annahme, dass sich das Atom zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43469ec032d858feae5aa87029e22eaaf0109e9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t=0}" loading="lazy"></span> im Grundzustand <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |g\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |g\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3453f56954453a2c243cdce6e6b246d9b6c578fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.667ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |g\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> befindet, oszilliert die Wahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{g}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e6d9377860f66afd38c35fd80600e5f5d6d6329.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.28ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dass das Atom zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29a2960e88369263fe3cfe00ccbfeb83daee212a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t>0}" loading="lazy"></span> im Grundzustand ist, cosinusförmig.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{g}=\left|\langle g,n+1|\Psi \rangle (t)\right|^{2}\propto \cos ^{2}\left({\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}t\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ<!-- Ψ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>∝<!-- ∝ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{g}=\left|\langle g,n+1|\Psi \rangle (t)\right|^{2}\propto \cos ^{2}\left({\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}t\right)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63463cf804bb7367a3c190abc0551fc3744bb032.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:43.88ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{g}=\left|\langle g,n+1|\Psi \rangle (t)\right|^{2}\propto \cos ^{2}\left({\sqrt {\Omega _{n}^{2}+\delta ^{2}}}t\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>(Im Allgemeinen ist die Amplitude des Cosinus abhängig von der Verstimmung gedämpft.) Die Frequenz dieser <a href="Rabi-Oszillation" title="Rabi-Oszillation">Rabi-Oszillationen</a> steigt mit der Photonenanzahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> gemäß obiger Definition von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}}">
<semantics>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e760caa566b15088fbba0c37e08f621ce657f02a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.897ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega _{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ist das elektromagnetische Feld klassisch (dies lässt sich quantenmechanisch z. B. mit einem <a href="Koh%C3%A4renter_Zustand" title="Kohärenter Zustand">kohärenten Zustand</a> darstellen), dann sind viele <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> an der Wechselwirkung beteiligt und die Oszillationen für verschiedene <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> überlagern sich. Dabei kommt es zu destruktiver und konstruktiver <a href="Interferenz_(Physik)" title="Interferenz (Physik)">Interferenz</a> (bzw. <a href="Schwebung" title="Schwebung">Schwebungen</a>), die sich darin äußert, dass das Atom lange Zeit nahezu unverändert in einem Zustand verharrt (Zusammenbruch) und dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{g}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{g}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e6d9377860f66afd38c35fd80600e5f5d6d6329.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.28ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span> plötzlich wieder schnell oszilliert (Wiederaufleben). In englischsprachiger Literatur wird dieser Vorgang als <i>collapse and revival</i> bezeichnet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>, Jean-Michel Raimond: Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons. Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 978-0-19-850914-1</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. A. Karatsuba, E. A. Karatsuba: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">A resummation formula for collapse and revival in the Jaynes–Cummings model</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>42</span>, 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>195304, 16</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113%2F42%2F19%2F195304">10.1088/1751-8113/42/19/195304</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jaynes-Cummings-Modell&rft.atitle=A+resummation+formula+for+collapse+and+revival+in+the+Jaynes-Cummings+model&rft.au=A.+A.+Karatsuba%2C+E.+A.+Karatsuba&rft.date=2009&rft.doi=10.1088%2F1751-8113%2F42%2F19%2F195304&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=42&rft.jtitle=J.+Phys.+A%3A+Math.+Theor.&rft.pages=195304%2C+16" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-autobio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autobio_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">nobelprize.org: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-autobio.html">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Biographical</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
E.T. Jaynes, F.W. Cummings: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Comparison of quantum and semiclassical radiation theories with application to the beam maser</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Proc. IEEE</cite>. 51. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1963, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>89–109</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1963.1664">10.1109/PROC.1963.1664</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jaynes-Cummings-Modell&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+quantum+and+semiclassical+radiation+theories+with+application+to+the+beam+maser&rft.au=E.T.+Jaynes%2C+F.W.+Cummings&rft.date=1963&rft.doi=10.1109%2FPROC.1963.1664&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Proc.+IEEE&rft.pages=89-109&rft.volume=51.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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